In this paper, one attempt has been made to review on hydrothermal synthesis of nickel ferrite and its application. Hydrothermal route is one of the most commonly used techniques owing to its economics and high degree of compositional control. This does not require extremely highprocessing temperature or sophisticated processing. This method has very simple reaction setup. This method gives uniform crystallization ferrite. This does not require extremely high-processing temperature or sophisticated processing. With the doping with different metal ions, properties of nickel ferrite can be greatly improved. Nickel ferrite has many applications.

The variation of volume ratio (v/v) and temperature of the liquid mixture dependence of thermo-acoustic properties are important parameters for the verification of intermolecular interactions. The thermo-acoustic parameters such as density (ρ), velocity (U) & viscosity (η) are determined for a ternary mixture (n=3) mixture of aqueous lithium hydroxide and Dimethylforamide system at 0.0% to 100% (v/v) and at different temperatures. Using the experimental data, adiabatic compressibility (βa), free length (Lf), free volume (Vf), internal pressure (πi), and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) are evaluated at different temperatures. The present paper shows the nonlinear characteristics of velocity and the thermodynamic properties that lead to dipole- ion interaction between dimethylforamide and 1N aqueous lithium hydroxide which is shown to be stronger than dipole- ion interaction between water and aqueous lithium hydroxide. These thermodynamic characteristics with volume ratio (v/v) of the mixture are explained in terms of weak force solutions.

As a primary goal, the abstract should render the general significance and conceptual advance of the work clearly accessible to a broad readership. References should not be cited in the abstract. Leave the Abstract empty if your article does not require one, please see the Summary Table for full details. The thermo-acoustic parameters such as density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U) and viscosity (η) are determined for the ternary mixture of aqueous Sodium hydroxide and 1,4 dioxane system at 0.0% to 100% (v/v) and at different temperature. These experimental data have been used to estimate the acoustical parameters such as, adiabatic compressibility (βa), free length (Lf), free volume (Vf), internal pressure (πi), and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG). The behaviors of these parameters were explained on the basis of intermolecular interaction present in the mixture.

Nodal explants were inoculated with basal cut surface down on MS medium with Kinetin. The different concentrations of Kinetin ranging from 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1mg/lit were used for obtaining multiple shoots. After 40 days, maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained on medium containing 0.5mg/lit of Kinetin which was approximately 34.28±0.1 per culture. In the present study, 0.5mg/lit of Kinetin concentration was found to be an ideal concentration for high frequency of multiple shoots induction. This is the first report of such high frequency of multiple shoot induction in D. gangeticum. Maximum daidzein 7.991±0.02µg/g D.W. content was found at 0.25mg/lit kinetin. Minimum daidzein content was found at 1mg/lit Kinetin (5.504±0.02µg/g D.W.). We found that, the difference in the content of daidzein was also affected by concentration of Kinetin i.e. increased the concentration of Kinetin up to 0.5mg/lit, increased number of multiple shoots but decreasing concentration of daidzein.

Composting is a very old practice for controlling the pollution. Fish waste creates various problems hence this fish waste can be converted into organic manure. A disgusting smell of the waste really problematic to the common people. In urban areas fish sellers throw away fish wastes into open spaces. This fertilizer can be prepared by very simple technique with very low budget. In our country this technique is not popularizing hence this should be spread among fish sellers, researchers and common people are the need of day. This will helpful to generate employment. Fish remains can be turned “waste” into wealth i.e. waste to best, not only for environment and agriculture, but also for fishery industry.

The present study was carried out to record the species diversity of butterfly in nearby area of Risod Tahsil. Risod is situated in Washim District of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. The survey study has revealed a total 16 species of butterflies belonging to 13 genera and 4 families (Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae and Lycaenidae). Among these recorded butterflies’ family Nymphalidae is represented by 8 species, family Pieridae by 4 species, family Papilionidae and family Lycaenidae each by two species. The entire butterfly’s species recorded in this district are very common and found in different area of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. During the study and observation not, any rare threatened species were recorded in a given area.

The present study focused on scope and significance on Seasonal variations of different physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total dissolved solids, and chloride were studied during the three season’s summer, monsoon, and winter from February 2018 to January 2019. The result of present investigation reveals to understand the limnological knowledge of Godavari and Pravara river water near Pravarasangam in Newasa Tahsil District Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. This water is used for drinking and agricultural purposes for various villages & remote areas. The local fisherman used fish farming activities. In this paper we have made an effort to assess the water quality of river as a greater portion of population depends on it. Also, many devotes across the country consider it as holly water. For the study of water quality samples were collected from selected points of river segment near the Pravarasangam simultaneously throughout the year (February 2018 to January 2019) in Newasa Tahsil, District. Ahmednagar. After evaluating all the eight parameters it is revealed that even though there are some changes of values of study areas but though there are some changes of values of study areas but though are within the limit of water quality of Bureau of Indian Standards.

Lycopene, a plant carotenoid naturally synthesized by fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, watermelon, papaya, red guava, carrot and grapefruit. The diet of carotenoids reduced the risk of degenerative diseases such as prostate, bladder, cervix, breast and digestive tract cancer. Thus, the present study was to extract lycopene from two selected fruits such as tomato and pink guava by using methanol and CCl4 as solvent. Our aim was to investigate antimicrobial efficiency of lycopene extracted from Tomato and Red guava against food born pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Bacillus using agar well diffusion method. Out of these, Antimicrobial activity of lycopene extracted from Red guava shows highest zone of inhibition as compared to lycopene extracted from tomato. The results of the present study indicate that Red guava extracts possess compounds containing antimicrobial properties that can potentially be useful to control food borne pathogens and Identification of lycopene and its morphological study was done by chemical test and microscopic study.

In monsoon season different molluscs of gastropods and pulmonates increases in number as their high amount of water and food become available in village pond ecosystem. Cercariae infection noted in desert village ponds, Sagar and Devikund Sagar of Bikaner. The increased amount of nutrients also influences the growth of all aquatic living being surviving in desert ponds.The number of not only molluscs but also the cercariae count recorded as high in this period. Different molluscs have the different type of cercariae in their body as they are secondary host of the fasciola. Furcocercous, Gymnocephalous and Xiphidio cercariae noticed from different molluscs.

Water pollution, like other types of pollution result when an overwhelming amount of waste comes from different sources of pollutant which harmfully disrupts the balance of the ecosystem; This work aimed to analyze the fluoride concentration in bore-well drinking water. Fluoride content was estimated from bore-well drinking water of Jafrabad region of Jalna District (M.S.) in the year 2018. From this area 20 bore-well water samples were collected for checking fluoride contents. The concentration of fluoride content was found in between 0.2 to 2.3 mg/lit. In some bore-well drinking water samples, the fluoride content was more than the permissible range (0.5 to 1.5 mg/ lit) affecting the yellowing of teeth in the children and causing dental and skeletal fluorosis in different age group of people of Jafrabad area.

Present paper deals with eight species of aquatic fungi belonging to six genera of freshwater hyphomycetes found in foam samples collected from Mula river of Ahmednagar district. The foam spora represent mixture of both tropical and temperate species. Brief notes and illustration are also provided along with geographical distribution of these fungi in India.

Ecological survey of migrants in selected study area of Navegaon National Park from January 2010 to December 2013 reveals total 167 species. 40 species of migrants (Total No. =11814) constituted local migrants (19 sp., Count No. = 4083) winter migrants (19sp., Count No. = 7190) and 02 species of summer migrants (Count No. = 541). Out of total 40 migrant species 06 species were recorded as common , 21 as frequent , 09 as occasional and 04 as rare . Within the forest 30 species preferred water holes and lake as their habitat while remaining species preferred forest vegetation and cultivation .In context of conservation status, 38 species were recorded as least concern and 02 species as Not Threatened .Population trend of 14 species was stable ,that of 02 species was increasing while 16 species showed decreasing trend and that of 08 species was unknown due to unavailability of authentic information. Winter migrants showed the highers values of Shannon and Weaver index (H’), Simpson Index (D) and Evenness Index (J’) as compare to local migrants. In winter migrants the values of indices were calculated as H’ =0.964509245, D =0.844956 and J’ =0.754257 respectively, while in local migrants’ values were H’ =0.70646, D =0.629676 and J’ = 0.5524 respectively. Within the forest, water holes and lake are an important habitat for a variety of migrants. Further considerable work would require to arrive at a more accurate understanding of the ecological status of migrant fauna of the area which will be helpful to propose the conservation management strategies of r habitat and decreasing trend of migrant avifauna as well in future.

Toxicity study was conducted on freshwater fish Labeo rohita to evaluate the histological and haematological effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on kidney of Labeo rohita upto 96hrs. duration i.e. 24,48,72 and 96 hrs. which shown toxic effect on kidney.

Zooplanktons are the major community of fresh water bodies while some are in saline water. Lonar crater is one of the most saline Lake crater of India which is situated in Buldana district Maharashtra state India (19o58’N and 76o31’E). Such Crater Lake is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the world. This wet land is well known for its biodiversity. The lake brine supports typical microbial flora and fauna need to be investigated to access its value of wet-land to be recognized as Ramsar Site of India. During the present study plankton sample was analyzed. Lake water has high alkalinity and salinity then also different type of flora and fauna adapted such condition. Planktonic sample were collected from the lake water and preserved into 4% of formalin and brings to laboratory for observation. Phytoplanktons contain different type of blue green algae, green algae, diatoms, chlorophyceae and bacillariophyceae species. Luxuriant growth of Spirulina is not known anywhere except Lonar lake. Among Zooplankton Rotifers was dominant over all other. Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda, are found in ephimeral ponds. The crater physical setup, its relative Geographical and Ecological isolation evolve Limnological status in a unique way. Its unusual and climatic isolation highlights the ecosystem as an ecological wonder.

The recent interest in bioconversion of agricultural crop residues rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and minerals into fermentable substrate is best for microbial production of various products. In the present study, three lignocellulosic substrates viz. banana plant leaves, pseudo stem and rhizome were pre-treated with steam, dilute acid, dilute alkali and enzyme obtained from Amycolaptosis fastidiosa. The combined effect of different pre-treatment methods with enzymatic bioconversion of lignocellulosic agro waste has been investigated. The physical (steam) and enzyme treatment combination gave maximum saccharification of banana leaves, pseudo stem and rhizome viz. 54%, 75% & 63% respectively. Quantitative analysis of saccharified agro waste for reducing sugar indicated that pseudo stem contains highest reducing sugar as compared to rhizome and leaves. These results suggest that pseudo stem of banana can be utilized as a potential substrate for fermentable sugar production.

Seedlings of Quinoa inoculated in nursery beds with VA mycorhhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus mosseae singly and in combination and subsequently transplanted to plots in the field responded favorably to the treatment as compared to uninoculated controls. G. fasciculataum and G. mosseae treatment increased synergistically the plant dry weight, leaf nitrogen and yield by 11, 32 and 45% respectively over untreated controls. A three way interaction between VAM fungus with Quinoa and naturally occurring nitrogen fixing bacteria within the root system is discussed.

Phytoplankton is the abundant microbial community in the water bodies and which is one of most significant as bioindicator of the water pollution. Assessment of diversity of phytoplankton is having its key role in maintaining the aquatic fauna. Sampling of Tiru dam was carried out during the period of June 2017 to May 2018 to assess the phytoplankton diversity and their seasonal abundance for their seasonal diversity to indicate the sustainability of water quality. The present study indicates the abundance of various groups and among the groups of phytoplankton’s the Chlorophyceae was recorded maximum (36.88%) and followed by Bacillariophyceae (29.06), Cynophyceae (19.04) and Euglenophyceae (15.00 %). The above study helps to ascertain the anthropogenic activities causing eutrophication and pollution status of the Tiru dam.

Medicinal Plants plays an important role in the life of human beings from ancient time. During today’s pandemic situation due to Covid 19 viral infection they also found to be effective in boasting the immunity. In several homes from parbhani district peoples are taking medicinal plant decoction for boasting immunity. The Ayurvedic Practitioner supply the mixture of medicinal plant parts of Ocimum, Adulsa, Ashwagandha, Ginger, Glycyrrhize, Gojihawa, Kawa, Khaksi, Bor (jujube) etc. in coarse form and powder form contains powder of cloves, cinnamon, black pepper, cardamom etc. as their formulation of their decoction/ kada as per the information obtained after interviewing the ayurvedic practitioners. Current paper focused on the identification of medicinal plants from the specimens supplied by Ayurvedic practitioners.

In the present work, the authors have investigated the self-focusing and defocusing of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser (HChG) beam in relativistic cold quantum and collisionless plasmas. By using WKB and paraxial ray approximation for (TE00) mode into account, an equation for envelope is set up and solved using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and the paraxial ray approximation. An ordinary non-linear differential equation governing the beam width parameter as a function of propagation distance is set up for (TE00) mode structures of the beam. Further, a numerical study of this differential equation is carried for suitable set of plasma and laser parameters. The beam undergoes self-focusing/defocusing due to non-linearity. Also the comparison between self-focusing/defocusing of HChG beam in the relativistic cold quantum plasma and collisionless plasmas. In presence of collisionless plasma not only leads to substantial increase in self-focusing length, but also results in oscillatory character with decreasing f. While in relativistic cold quantum plasma, strong self-focusing and defocusing is observed. Further, self-focusing is enhanced with increased value of decentred parameter.

Present investigation was carried out with the aim to assess of water quality using physico-chemical parameters of Banegaon Dam Dist. Jalna. Banegao Dam is the main source of drinking water and irrigation for nearby villages. Dam is situated 40 km away from Jalna City. For this purpose, water samples were collected from surface and 5 m depth from two stations selected in Banegaon dam. The physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and nitrite were analyzed in the water samples. Many Villages around the dam use water of dam for drinking, washing clothes and domestic animals, agricultural irrigation purposes. Based on the values of obtained physico-chemical parameters it can be concluded that the Banegaon dam water quality was good and show little pollution problems. The results obtained from the present study shall be useful in future management of the Banegaon Dam.

Nanded is a town of Marathwada Region of Maharashtra. In summer temperature ranges from 400 C to 460 C. In the present investigation study of fish species was carried out. Its conservation preserves and protects the ecosystem. Several factors including environmental pollution, population explosion and depletion of forests lead to the rapid extinction of species. This crisis in all its dimensions has now become a global issue. It is evident that any attempt to disrupt nature’s link between man and other species of animals and plants leads to serve adverse consequences. Our progeny will never forgive us if we fail to develop proper awareness of biodiversity and take adequate steps to preserve life on this planet. Fish species were collected from the river with the help of local fisherman. In the present study fishes from 12 different types of families Cyprinidae, Bagridae, Cluperidae, Siluridae, Clariidae, Channidae, Anabantidae, Belonidae, Masta cembelidae, Notoptridae, masticembeliidae and Amphipnidae were collected and identified with the help of identification keys. The present investigation confirms the occurrence of 23 fish species. 7 orders Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Beloniformes, Syndranchiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Anguiliformes was found an in all these orders Cypriniformes is dominant.

Field survey was conducted at some selected farm of Karanja (Ghadge) region where some selected crops viz Cotton, soybean, Castor, Gram, Wheat, Maize, and Bean crops (Lablab and Cowpeas) were grown during Kharif and Rabi season in order to study the incidences of insect pests on these crops. The observation of field study revealed incidence of total 20 insect pests belongs to 4 orders and 12 families. Out of 20 insects, 16 insects were recorded as a pest and 4 insects were recorded as predatory insects. Maximum 9 insects were recorded from order Lepidoptera with maximum 4 insects from family Erebidae. More number of insects were recorded on castor and on bean crop (Lablab beans). The incidence of Red cotton bug Dysdercus cingulatus was found to be the most common insect pest on most of the crop.

The present study was carried to record diversity and abundance of spiders during various seasonal conditions from outskirts of Amravati, Maharashtra, India. The survey was carried from March 2017 to February 2018. The spider were collected and photographed in quadrants covering all significant area with natural vegetation along 5 km of outskirts of Amravati. A total of 97 species of spiders belonging to 48 genera and 14 families were recorded during the study. The Salticidae was the most abundant family representing 20 species with 10 very common followed by the Araneidae with 17 species with 07 very common. Maximum species were recorded during winter, lesser during monsoon which were mostly immature and least during summer.

The quality of soil depends on the micronutrients present in soil. Soil properties that are sensitive to change in the management can be used as indicator. The present investigation objectively conducted to analysis the physico-chemical properties of soil sample of Vidul village. The five samples were collected from different sites of the study area of Vidul in February 2020. The analysis of soil was carried out for the study of various parameters like Moisture, pH, EC, Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorous, Magnesium & Calcium. The study revealed that all the five samples from selected area of Vidul village are medium to high in mineral content, the pH of the soil samples ranged from 7.7 to 8.40 and was slightly on alkaline side but within the limit of 6.5-8.5 which is optimum for crops. EC values ranged from 0.4ms to 0.7ms. and indicating low salinity status of the soils. OC content ranged from 1.30% to 1.64% and all the samples were of medium rating. Available nitrogen ranged from 250 kg/ha to 298kg/ha; available phosphorous ranged from 20.5kg/ha to 24.0 kg/ha and samples were nitrogen and phosphorous deficient. Potassium ranged from 440 kg/ha to 542 kg/ha and samples were of medium rating except one sample of high rating with respect to potassium.

The objective of the present survey is focussed on the diversity of butterflies in the study area. Considering the diversity of Butterflies, the study was carried out over a period of four month from August 2019 to November 2019. Total 51 butterfly species were recorded from 38 genera, which belong to 5 families such as Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Papillionidae and Hesperiidae. Nymphalidae was recorded as most dominant family in terms of number of species, represented by 21 species followed by Pieridae and Lycaenidae (Both 9 species), Papillionidae (7 species) and Hesperiidae (2 species). All the values obtained from the diversity indices showed that the butterflies rich in studied area, which benefited for ecosystem.